The application of zinc as a fertilizer in agricultural production began in the mid-20th century. After it was established that zinc is a necessary nutrient for plants, European and American countries started promoting zinc fertilizers in the 1950s. The initial use of zinc fertilizers significantly improved crop yield and quality. In China, research on zinc fertilizers began in the 1970s, and they were promoted in areas with zinc-deficient soils. The early results showed notable increases in yield and quality. However, during that period, the effectiveness of zinc fertilizers was relatively minor compared to the major nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, leading to insufficient attention being given to them. With the development of agricultural production, the effectiveness of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers reached a certain limit, and symptoms of zinc and other micronutrient deficiencies in crops became increasingly evident. Nowadays, farmers are beginning to pay more attention to zinc and other micronutrient fertilizers.
Understanding Zinc Fertilizers
Common Types and Characteristics of Zinc Fertilizers
There are various types of zinc fertilizers, each with distinct characteristics, which can help in their efficient use.
Zinc Sulfate: There are two main forms used in agriculture: monohydrate and heptahydrate zinc sulfate. Both are white crystalline substances, with the former containing about 35% zinc and the latter around 23%. They are highly soluble in water at room temperature and are among the most widely used zinc fertilizers, suitable for basal, seed, top-dressing, and foliar applications.
Zinc Chloride: This is usually a white powder with a zinc content of 40%-45%. It is easily soluble in water and can be used for basal, seed, top-dressing, and foliar applications. However, due to its chlorine content, it is best to avoid using it for foliar application on crops sensitive to chlorine, such as grapes.
Zinc Oxide:This white powder has a high zinc content ranging from 60% to 80%. It is insoluble in water and can react with carbon dioxide in the air to form zinc carbonate. It is primarily used as a basal fertilizer, but its effectiveness as a top-dressing is lower compared to soluble zinc fertilizers.
Zinc Carbonate: This white powder contains 40%-50% zinc and is also difficult to dissolve in water, making it suitable as a basal fertilizer.
Zinc Sulfide:A white or light yellow powder containing about 65% zinc, it not only provides zinc nutrition for crops but also supplies sulfur nutrition. It is insoluble in water and can be used as a basal fertilizer.
Chelated Zinc:This can be in the form of a white powder or brown liquid, with zinc content varying widely from 10% to 50%, depending on the chelating agent. Most chelated zinc fertilizers are water-soluble and can be used for basal, seed, top-dressing, and foliar applications.
Other Zinc Fertilizers: Other common types include zinc hydroxide, glass zinc fertilizer, and basic zinc sulfate.
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