Zinc dust is a functional powder material that plays a significant supporting role in the national economy. It possesses unique physical and chemical effects and is widely used in industries such as coatings, chemical engineering, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, fuels, pesticides, electronics, and batteries. Zinc dust is typically classified into two types based on particle structure: granular and flake.
Classification and Preparation Methods of Zinc Dust
1. Granular Zinc Dust: This type of powder has a structure that is approximately spherical. It mainly includes standard zinc dust and ultra-fine high-activity zinc dust. Compared to the former, the latter has a series of advantages such as high metallic zinc content, low impurity content, smooth and clean surfaces of microscopic spherical particles, good activity, minimal surface oxidation, narrow particle size distribution, and excellent dispersion properties. It is a key new product. The largest application of ultra-fine high-activity zinc dust is in the coatings and anti-corrosion industries, primarily used for making zinc-rich coatings or directly applied to anti-corrosion coatings. In coatings, the most commonly used are ultra-fine zinc dusts with a particle size of less than 28μm. The application of high-performance ultra-fine zinc dust can save resources and improve resource utilization, offering broad market prospects. There are many methods for preparing granular zinc dust, which can be divided into two categories: pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods.
2. Flake Zinc Dust: This type of powder has a flaky structure with a large aspect ratio (30-100) and offers good coverage and shielding properties. It is mainly used in the preparation of high-corrosion-resistant zinc-chromium or zinc-aluminum coatings, providing anti-corrosion protection for some small steel structural parts. Anti-corrosion coatings prepared with flake zinc dust have zinc arranged in multiple layers, use less metal powder, and have dense coatings with good corrosion resistance. Especially, zinc-chromium coatings prepared mainly with flake zinc dust have significantly better salt spray corrosion resistance than electro-galvanized and hot-dip galvanized coatings, with less pollution, meeting environmental protection requirements. The commonly used preparation methods for flake zinc dust are generally two: ball milling and physical vapor deposition (PVD).
Applications of Zinc Dust
- Chemical Industry: Zinc oxide is widely used as a catalyst and desulfurizing agent.
- Coatings Industry: Besides having coloring power and coverage, zinc oxide is also a preservative and luminescent agent in coatings; it is used as a pigment in paints and a filler in rubber.
- Pharmaceutical and Food Industries: Zinc oxide has functions such as detoxifying, stopping bleeding, and promoting muscle regeneration. It is used to make ointments, zinc pastes, and adhesive plasters.
- Glass Industry: Zinc oxide is used in special glass products.
- Ceramic Industry: Zinc oxide is used as a flux.
- Textile Industry: Zinc oxide is used as a resist agent; nano zinc oxide, due to its fine particles and high activity, can lower the sintering temperature of glass and ceramics.
- Electronics Industry: Zinc oxide is the main raw material for varistors and a major additive for magnetic and optical materials.
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